In the struggle between Bolesław the Brave and Henry II at the beginning of the 11th…
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The Art of Warfare under the Early Piasts
How large was the Polish army during the era of the first Piasts? Which units formed…
Bezprym: Reconstructing a Ruler Erased From Chronicles
In Polish annals and early medieval chronicles, the figure of Bezprym does not appear at all.…
How Did China’s Village of Dwarfs Emerge?
It might seem that this story is not true, yet it really happened. In a certain…
Maria Walewska. The Polish Woman Who Gave Napoleon a Child
The romance between Maria Walewska and Napoleon Bonaparte remains shrouded in legends, mysteries, and conjectures to…
The Death of Maximilian Maria Kolbe
Rajmund Kolbe adopted the name Maximilian Maria in 1910. He then began preparing for the priesthood,…
The Passions of Stanisław August Poniatowski
Stanisław August Poniatowski had many mistresses throughout his life. Some of them stayed longer, others disappeared…
The Execution of the Las Romanovs
A loving and very close-knit family. Tsar Nicholas II Romanov, his wife, four daughters, and son.…
The Teutonic Knights’ Seizure of Pomerania
The Teutonic Knights, who arrived in Poland in the first half of the thirteenth century, had…
Porta’s worst choice. Selim II and his disaster
Selim II was not remembered as a good and effective sultan. Over eight years, he repeatedly…