Mazovian State of Miecław

In the 11th century, Poland was still a new and fragile creation. The Slavs inhabiting its…

The Army of Bolesław the Brave

The military successes of the first Piasts – both Mieszko I and Bolesław the Brave –…

Chrobry’s Strategy. How the Piasts Stopped German Raids

In the struggle between Bolesław the Brave and Henry II at the beginning of the 11th…

The Art of Warfare under the Early Piasts

How large was the Polish army during the era of the first Piasts? Which units formed…

Bezprym: Reconstructing a Ruler Erased From Chronicles

In Polish annals and early medieval chronicles, the figure of Bezprym does not appear at all.…

The Teutonic Knights’ Seizure of Pomerania

The Teutonic Knights, who arrived in Poland in the first half of the thirteenth century, had…

Medieval dentistry. Hygiene that didn’t exist

Today it is hard for us to imagine life without painkillers, medications, and specialists from various…

Mikołaj Trąba: The Pole Who Could Have Become Pope

He was the most faithful advisor to King Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland, the son of…

Stephen I the Great: Founder of Christian Hungary

Stephen I the Great, ruler of Hungary, was proclaimed a saint in 1083. Alongside Ladislaus I…

Nawojka. The first Polish student

Nawojka was the first Polish female student. She became one in the 15th century, at a…